GLOBAL PRIVACY & CYBERSECURITY

CALIFORNIA

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At a glance:

Title of Law (and Acronym)

California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 as amended by California Privacy Rights Act of 2020 (CCPA As Amended)

Statute Cite

CAL. CIV. CODE §§ 1798.100-1798.199.100 (West 2023).

Regulation Cite

Cal. Code Regs. tit. 11, §§ 7000-7304 (2023)

Effective Date

01/01/2023

Applicability Thresholds

For-profit entity that collects California consumers’ personal information, or on the behalf of whom such information is collected and that alone, or jointly with others, determines the purposes and means of the processing of consumers’ personal information, that does business in the State of California, and that:

(1) As of January 1 of the calendar year, had annual gross revenues in excess of $25,000,000 in the preceding calendar year; or

(2) Alone or in combination, annually buys, sells, or shares the personal information of 100,000 or more consumers or households; or

(3) Derives 50 percent or more of its annual revenues from selling or sharing consumers’ personal information.

Applicable to Employees and Business Contacts?

Yes

Statutory Penalties

Up to $7,500 for each intentional violation and each violation involving the personal information of minor consumers

Private Right of Action

Yes (limited to data breach claims)

McDermott Resources

California Privacy Protection Agency Approves CCPA Regulations, February 10, 2023
California Privacy Rights Act Takes Effect…Sort Of, January 4, 2023
California Voters Approve the California Privacy Rights Act, November 4, 2020

COLORADO

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At a glance:

Title of Law (and Acronym)

Colorado Privacy Act of 2021 (CPA)

Statute Cite

COLO. REV. STAT. § 6-1-1301 to -1313 (2022).

Regulation Cite

Colo. Code Regs. Tit. 4, § 904-3 (2023)

Effective Date

07/01/2023

Applicability Thresholds

Applies to a business that: Conducts business in Colorado or produces or delivers commercial products or services that are intentionally targeted to residents of Colorado; and satisfies one or both of the following thresholds:

(1) Controls or processes the personal data of one hundred thousand consumers or more during a calendar year; or

(2) Derives revenue or receives a discount on the price of goods or services from the sale of personal data and processes or controls the personal data of 25,000 consumers or more.

Applicable to Employees and Business Contacts?

No

Statutory Penalties

Not more than $20,000 per violation

Private Right of Action

No

McDermott Resources

Colorado Finalizes Sweeping New Privacy Rules; Iowa Joins the Fray, March 21, 2023
Preparing for New Consumer Privacy Laws in Colorado, Connecticut, and Utah, February 3, 2023
‘Tis the Season: Colorado Attorney General Releases New Draft CPA Regulations, December 22, 2022
Colorado Attorney General’s Office Issues Draft Colorado Privacy Act Regulations, October 3, 2022
State Privacy Patchwork Spreads with Signing of Colorado Privacy Act, July 9, 2021

CONNECTICUT

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At a glance:

Title of Law (and Acronym)

Connecticut Data Privacy Act of 2022 (CTDPA)

Statute Cite

CONN. GEN. STAT. §§ 42-515 to -525 (2022).

Regulation Cite

N/A

Effective Date

07/01/2023

Applicability Thresholds

Companies that conduct business in Connecticut or companies that produce products or services that are targeted to residents of this state and that during the preceding calendar year:

(1) Controlled or processed the personal data of not less than 100,000 consumers, excluding personal data controlled or processed solely for the purpose of completing a payment transaction; or

(2) Controlled or processed the personal data of not less than 25,000 consumers and derived more than 25 percent of their gross revenue from the sale of personal data.

Applicable to Employees and Business Contacts?

No

Statutory Penalties

Up to $5,000 per violation

Private Right of Action

No

McDermott Resources

Connecticut Steps Up to the Consumer Privacy Law Plate, May 2, 2022

FLORIDA

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At a glance:

Title of Law (and Acronym)

Florida Digital Bill of Rights (FDBR)

Statute Cite

S.B. 262, 125 Reg. Sess. (Fla. 2023) (to be codified at FLA. STAT. §§ 501.702-72 (2023)).

Regulation Cite

N/A

Effective Date

12/31/2023

Applicability Thresholds

Most of the FDBR applies to for-profit entities that conduct business in Florida and collect personal data about Florida consumers (or are the entity on behalf of which such information is collected) that meet the following requirements:

(1) Make in excess of $1 billion in global gross annual revenues; and

(2) Satisfy at least one of the following:

(a) Derive 50% or more of its global gross annual revenues from the sale of advertisements online, including providing targeted advertising or the sale of ads online;

(b) Operate a consumer smart speaker and voice command component service with an integrated virtual assistant connected to a cloud computing service that uses hands-free verbal activation. For purposes of this sub-subparagraph, a consumer smart speaker and voice command component service does not include a motor vehicle or speaker or device associated with or connected to a vehicle that is operated by a motor vehicle manufacturer or a subsidiary or affiliate thereof; or

(c) Operate an app store or a digital distribution platform that offers at least 250,000 different software applications for consumers to download and install.

However, under § 501.715(1), even companies that do not meet the requirements of (1) and (2) are required to obtain consent before selling sensitive data if they are a for-profit entity conducting business in Florida and collecting personal data from Florida residents.

Applicable to Employees and Business Contacts?

No

Statutory Penalties

Up to $15,000 per violation, with the possibility of treble damages for any of the following violations:

• A violation involving a known child
• Failure to delete or correct personal data after receiving an authenticated consumer request, unless an exception applies to the request
• Continuing to sell personal data after a consumer opts-out

Private Right of Action

No

McDermott Resources

Florida Adds a New Twist to Consumer Privacy Patchwork, May 10, 2023

INDIANA

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At a glance:

Title of Law (and Acronym)

Indiana Consumer Data Protection Act of 2023 (Indiana CDPA)

Statute Cite

S.B. 5, 123d Gen. Assemb., Reg. Sess. (Ind. 2023) (to be codified at IND. CODE § 24-15 (2023)).

Regulation Cite

N/A

Effective Date

01/01/2026

Applicability Thresholds

A company that conducts business in Indiana or produces products or services that are targeted to residents of Indiana and that during a calendar year:

(1) controls or processes personal data of at least 100,000 consumers who are Indiana residents; or

(2) controls or processes personal data of at least 25,000 consumers who are Indiana residents and derives more than 50 percent of gross revenue from the sale of personal data.

Applicable to Employees and Business Contacts?

No

Statutory Penalties

Up to $7,500 per violation

Private Right of Action

No

McDermott Resources

And Then There Were Seven: Indiana Passes Consumer Privacy Bill, April 14, 2023

IOWA

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At a glance:

Title of Law (and Acronym)

Iowa Consumer Data Protection Act of 2023 (Iowa CDPA)

Statute Cite

S.F. 262, 89th Gen. Assemb., Reg. Sess. (Iowa 2023) (to be codified at IOWA CODE § 715D.1-9 (2023)).

Regulation Cite

N/A

Effective Date

01/01/2025

Applicability Thresholds

A company conducting business in Iowa or producing products or services that are targeted to consumers who are residents of Iowa and that during a calendar year does either of the following:

(1) Controls or processes personal data of at least 100,000 consumers

(2) Controls or processes personal data of at least 25,000 consumers and derives over 50 percent of gross revenue from the sale of personal data.

Applicable to Employees and Business Contacts?

No

Statutory Penalties

Up to $7,500 per violation

Private Right of Action

No

McDermott Resources

Iowa’s New Privacy Law: The Basics, April 10, 2023

MONTANA

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At a glance:

Title of Law (and Acronym)

Montana Consumer Data Privacy Act of 2023 (MCDPA)

Statute Cite

S.B. 384, 68th Leg., Reg. Sess. (Mont. 2023) (to be codified at MONT. CODE ANN. § 30-14 (2023)).

Regulation Cite

N/A

Effective Date

10/01/2024

Applicability Thresholds

Companies that conduct business in Montana or persons that produce products or services that are targeted to residents of Montana and:

(1) control or process the personal data of not less than 50,000 consumers, excluding personal data controlled or processed solely for the purpose of completing a payment transaction; or

(2) control or process the personal data of not less than 25,000 consumers and derive more than 25% of gross revenue from the sale of personal data.

Applicable to Employees and Business Contacts?

No

Statutory Penalties

Up to $10,000 per willful violation per Mont. Code Ann. § 30-14-142, Unfair Trade Practices

Private Right of Action

No

McDermott Resources

Consumer Privacy Law Comes to Big Sky Country as Montana Passes New Law, April 25, 2023

TENNESSEE

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At a glance:

Title of Law (and Acronym)

Tennessee Information Protection Act of 2023 (TIPA)

Statute Cite

S.B. 73, 112th Gen. Assemb., Reg. Sess. (Tenn. 2023) (to be codified at TENN. CODE ANN. §§ 47-18-3201 to -3213).

Regulation Cite

N/A

Effective Date

07/01/2025

Applicability Thresholds

Companies that conduct business in Tennessee or produce products or services that are targeted to residents of Tennessee and that:

(1) During a calendar year, control or process personal information of at least 100,000 consumers; or

(2) Control or process personal information of at least 25,000 consumers and derive more than 50 percent of gross revenue from the sale of personal information.

Applicable to Employees and Business Contacts?

No

Statutory Penalties

Up to $15,000 per violation

Private Right of Action

No

McDermott Resources

Tennessee Joins the Fray as Legislature Passes Consumer Privacy Law, April 25, 2023

TEXAS

Click below to download a full summary of the law.

At a glance:

Title of Law (and Acronym)

Texas Data Privacy and Security Act (TDPSA)

Statute Cite

H.B. 4, 88 Reg. Sess. (Tex. 2023).

Regulation Cite

N/A

Effective Date

03/01/2024

Applicability Thresholds

TDPSA applies to for-profit businesses or persons that:

(1) Does business in Texas or produces a product or service consumed by a Texas resident;

(2) Processes or engages in the sale of personal data; and

(3) Is not considered a “small business” by the US Small Business Administration (except to the extent that the small business sells sensitive personal data).

Applicable to Employees and Business Contacts?

No

Statutory Penalties

Up to $7,500 per violation

Private Right of Action

No

McDermott Resources

Texas Consumer Privacy Law Nears Governor’s Signature, May 31, 2023

UTAH

Click below to download a full summary of the law.

At a glance:

Title of Law (and Acronym)

Utah Consumer Privacy Act of 2022 (UCDPA)

Statute Cite

S.B. 227, 2022 Leg., 64th Gen. Sess. (Utah 2022) (to be codified at UTAH CODE ANN. §§ 13-61-101 to -404).

Regulation Cite

N/A

Effective Date

12/31/2023

Applicability Thresholds

A company that conducts business in Utah or produces a product or service that is targeted to consumers in Utah and that:

(1) has annual revenue of $25,000,000 or more; and satisfies one or more of the following thresholds:

(a) during a calendar year, controls or processes personal data of 100,000 or more consumers; or

(b) derives over 50% of the entity’s gross revenue from the sale of personal data and controls or processes personal data of 25,000 or more consumers.

Applicable to Employees and Business Contacts?

No

Statutory Penalties

Up to $7,500 per violation

Private Right of Action

No

McDermott Resources

Utah Poised to Enact Consumer Privacy Law, March 4, 2022

VIRGINIA

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At a glance:

Title of Law (and Acronym)

Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act of 2021 (VCDPA)

Statute Cite

VA. CODE ANN. §§ 59.1-571 to -585 (West 2023).

Regulation Cite

N/A

Effective Date

01/01/2023

Applicability Thresholds

Companies that conduct business in Virginia or produce products or services that are targeted to residents of Virginia and that:

(1) during a calendar year, control or process personal data of at least 100,000 consumers or

(2) control or process personal data of at least 25,000 consumers and derive over 50 percent of gross revenue from the sale of personal data.

Applicable to Employees and Business Contacts?

No

Statutory Penalties

Up to $7,500 per violation

Private Right of Action

No

McDermott Resources

Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act: A Growing Wave of Comprehensive State Privacy Laws, February 23, 2021